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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells—the connective tissue cells that provide support to the specialized cells of the organs of the body. MSCs are found in adipose tissue, bone marrow, and numerous other regions of the body. They are multipotent, meaning they can change cell types. This capability offers great possibilities for medical research, as MSCs are easier to obtain than other stem cell types. For more than two decades, RegeneVive has conducted extensive research on the effectiveness of stem cell-based therapy in combating numerous degenerative conditions.
Researchers continue to uncover additional evidence pointing to the potential benefit of MSCs in providing symptomatic relief for multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and other autoimmune diseases. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have yielded numerous insights about the advantages offered by MSCs. In one study published in Stem Cells, researchers demonstrated the cells’ ability to reduce the impact of certain inflammatory conditions due to their ability to control immune responses. Without directly helping with tissue generation, MSCs assist in the regulation of the immune microenvironment and tissue repair. This is accomplished through a type of cell-to-cell communication called paracrine signaling. MSCs have shown positive results in the management of multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising results in managing Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in various studies. Here are five ways MSCs have demonstrated positive outcomes for these conditions:
- Immune System Modulation: MSCs have the ability to regulate immune responses, which is beneficial for autoimmune diseases like MS and RA. They help suppress overactive immune cells that attack the body’s tissues, potentially reducing inflammation and preventing further damage to nerves and joints.
- Reduction in Inflammation: MSCs can secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines that help reduce inflammation. This is particularly beneficial for RA patients, where chronic inflammation leads to joint damage, and in MS, where inflammation contributes to the degeneration of nerve cells.
- Tissue Regeneration and Repair: MSCs can differentiate into various cell types, including cartilage and nerve cells, aiding in tissue repair. In RA, they have been shown to regenerate damaged joint tissues, while in MS, MSCs can help repair damaged myelin, the protective covering of nerves.
- Improvement in Mobility and Functionality: Clinical studies have shown that MSC therapy can improve mobility and functionality in patients with MS and RA. MSCs may help restore motor function, reduce spasticity in MS patients, and enhance joint function in those with RA.
- Neuroprotection and Nerve Repair: MSCs can promote nerve repair and protect against further neuronal damage in MS patients. This can help reduce the progression of the disease and improve overall quality of life by slowing down disability progression.
These effects highlight the potential of MSCs as a powerful therapeutic option for managing MS and RA, improving symptoms, and promoting long-term disease control.
In addition to the improvements mentioned, MSC therapy has shown several other potential benefits for symptomatic relief.
Here are some additional ways MSCs contribute to symptom management:
- Pain Reduction: MSCs have been shown to significantly reduce pain in patients with RA by decreasing inflammation and promoting healing in the joints. This leads to a reduction in the need for pain medications and improves overall comfort. In MS patients, pain relief may also occur as a result of decreased inflammation and nerve protection.
- Improved Sleep Quality: Chronic pain and inflammation often affect sleep quality in both MS and RA patients. MSC therapy has been associated with improved sleep by addressing pain and discomfort, allowing patients to rest more effectively and enhance their overall well-being.
- Improved Fatigue: Fatigue is a common symptom in both MS and RA. MSCs can help mitigate fatigue by reducing systemic inflammation and improving cellular energy levels. In MS, this could be related to the restoration of neurological function and reduced energy drain from ongoing inflammatory processes.
- Enhanced Joint Function: In RA patients, MSC therapy has shown promise in improving joint flexibility and range of motion by regenerating cartilage and supporting the repair of damaged tissues. This leads to better joint function, less stiffness, and improved overall quality of life.
- Improved Muscle Strength: MSCs can enhance muscle strength, particularly in MS patients who experience muscle weakness due to nerve damage. By improving the repair and regeneration of muscle tissues, MSC therapy can help improve overall mobility and functionality.
- Improved Mental Health: Both MS and RA can lead to emotional distress due to chronic pain, fatigue, and disability. MSC therapy may have a positive effect on mental health by reducing physical symptoms that contribute to depression and anxiety, ultimately enhancing the patient’s emotional well-being.
These symptomatic improvements further emphasize the broad potential of MSC therapy to enhance quality of life, reduce disability, and provide more effective management for individuals suffering.
Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis, or MS, is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system. The disorder causes the immune system – which is designed to protect against illness – to attack the protective coating (myelin) that covers the axon (the threadlike part of nerve cells which connects to other nerve cells). The lesions resulting from this attack prevent communication between nerve cells, which impacts brain function, and impairs both cognitive and physical health.
As a part of the same study cited above, entitled Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Experimental Autoimmune Arthritis by Modifying Early Adaptive T Cell Responses, on mice with experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE—the animal model of MS) infusions of MSCs delivered significantly reduced the severity of the disease. Subsequent tests provided similar results. While the exact reason is not fully understood, the general understanding is that these stem cells change the immune response from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory.
Injections of MSCs from human bone marrow into mice with EAE were followed by rapid and sustained recovery. While additional research is needed, the delivery of the MSCs appeared to play a role in diminishing the impact of the disorder. The investigators also determined injections of MSCs into the brain fluid to be considerably more effective than injections into the abdomen.
The potential for mesenchymal stem cells to assist in myelin repair and reduce inflammation would greatly benefit the treatment of MS.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory condition that results in tissue damage and loss in the joints. While multiple cells contribute to this damage, evidence suggests that T cells are the major effector in RA. MSCs have been found to change the behavior of T cells, and improve recovery in animal models of RA.
The ability of MSCs to differentiate into cells points potential capabilities in direct tissue repair. To do this, it is believed that the stem cells would need to be retained in the inflamed joint. Tests on animal models have been effective in localizing MSCs to the affected area, but further investigation is needed to demonstrate a direct link to tissue repair.
If mesenchymal stem cells can reduce inflammation, influence T cells, and assist in tissue repair, their influence on other immune cells would be an obvious boon in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Any Questions?
RegeneVive Health and Wellness welcomes any questions that arise as you research MSCs, or any other aspects of stem cell therapy. We invite you to reach out to us today to learn about RegeneVive. You can contact us by completing a brief medical history form, or via email ([email protected]) or phone (844 446 7827).